[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/alcatraz-desive-vezeni\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/alcatraz-desive-vezeni\/","headline":"Alcatraz, d\u011bsiv\u00e9 v\u011bzen\u00ed","name":"Alcatraz, d\u011bsiv\u00e9 v\u011bzen\u00ed","description":"Je to skalnat\u00fd ostrov, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed zhruba 2 kilometry od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed San Francisca. Prvn\u00ed Evropan, kter\u00fd se dostal na ostrov byl n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk Juan Manuel&hellip;","datePublished":"2019-05-19","dateModified":"2019-05-19","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d2e3fdaba6370eba756fb4048c695326686ff29010a0df4d58b27c20544521d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2d2e3fdaba6370eba756fb4048c695326686ff29010a0df4d58b27c20544521d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"golhk.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a345244_w2082_t1558882944.jpg","url":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a345244_w2082_t1558882944.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/golhk.cz\/alcatraz-desive-vezeni\/","wordCount":551,"articleBody":"Je to skalnat\u00fd ostrov, kter\u00fd le\u017e\u00ed zhruba 2 kilometry od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed San Francisca. Prvn\u00ed Evropan, kter\u00fd se dostal na ostrov byl n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk Juan Manuel de Avala a to v\u00a0roce 1775. N\u00e1zev tohoto ostrova vznikl ze \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu Isla de los Alcatraces (neboli ostrov terej\u016f). Na ostrov\u011b byla roku 1850 postavena obrann\u00e1 pevnost, kter\u00e1 z\u00e1hy na to slou\u017eila jako v\u011bznice. S\u00eddlila tu v\u00a0letech 1934\u20131963.V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je to velice popul\u00e1rn\u00ed a nav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u00e1 historick\u00e1 pam\u00e1tka. Krom\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9 v\u011bznice tu najdeme poz\u016fstatky vojensk\u00e9ho opevn\u011bn\u00ed a dosud funguj\u00edc\u00ed maj\u00e1k. O ostrov se star\u00e1 od roku 1972 NPS (n\u00e1rodn\u00ed spr\u00e1va park\u016f), jeliko\u017e nyn\u00ed ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed Alcatraz vz\u00e1cn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9 a mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed pt\u00e1ci.Na to, \u017ee bylo na ostrov\u011b zbudovan\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, se nikdy Alcatraz do \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bitvy p\u0159\u00edmo nezapojil. Od \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch let byl vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n ji\u017e jako v\u011bznice. D\u00edky studen\u00e9 vod\u011b okolo ostrova a jeho vzd\u00e1lenosti od pevniny to bylo ide\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00edsto pro trestan\u00e9, kter\u00e9 na toto m\u00edsto za\u010dali sv\u00e1\u017eet ji\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (1861-1865). V\u00a0roce 1907 byl Alcatraz ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vojenskou v\u011bznic\u00ed.\u00a0FEDER\u00c1LN\u00cd V\u011aZNICETato v\u011bznice byla ob\u00fdv\u00e1na v\u011bzni, jejich\u017e jm\u00e9na jste jist\u011b ji\u017e zaslechli, a\u0165 u\u017e z\u00a0film\u016f anebo z\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f nebo knih. Jedn\u00e1 se o Al Capone, Frank Morris, Floyd Hamilton (byl komplicem proslul\u00e9ho dua Bonnie a Clyda), Morton Sobell a proslul\u00fd v\u011bzen s \u010d\u00edslem AZ 594 (Pt\u00e1\u010dn\u00edk), vlastn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem Robert Stroud\u00a0POKUSY O \u00daT\u011aK Z\u00a0ALCATRAZUJist\u011b zn\u00e1me mnoho film\u016f \u010di seri\u00e1l\u016f, kde se popisuj\u00ed \u00fat\u011bky z\u00a0t\u00e9to v\u011bznice. Nyn\u00ed V\u00e1m p\u0159edstav\u00edm p\u00e1r vybran\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se o to pokusili. Byli bu\u010fto zabiti, nebo utonuli.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arthur &#8222;Doc&#8220; Barker, Dale Stamphill, William Martin, Henry Young a Rufus McCain (13.01.1939) Unikli z\u00a0izolovan\u00e9 cely. Byli chyceni na b\u0159ehu ostrova, a krom\u011b Barkera a Stamphhilla se vzdali. Zbyl\u00ed dva byly po neuposlechnut\u00ed rozkazu se vzd\u00e1t post\u0159eleni a Barker zem\u0159el.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bernard Coy, Joe Cretzer, Marvin Thompson, Stockley, Carnes (02.-04.05.1946) Jejich pokus o \u00fat\u011bk skon\u010dil fiaskem, bylo toti\u017e p\u0159i n\u011bm zran\u011bno 18 dozorc\u016f, 2 dozorci zem\u0159eli, Cretzer byl post\u0159elen a Coy zabit. Stockley, Carnes a Thompson byli souzeni za vra\u017edu dozorc\u016f. Thompson a Shockley byli odsouzeni k\u00a0trestu smrti-zem\u0159eli v\u00a0plynov\u00e9 komo\u0159e v\u00a0San Quentinu v\u00a0roce 1948.\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Frank Lee Moris, John a Clarence Anglinov\u00e9 (11.06.1962) Zmizeli ze sv\u00fdch cel a u\u017e nikdo je nikdy nespat\u0159il. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b utonuli, jsou st\u00e1le vedeni jako poh\u0159e\u0161ovan\u00ed. I kdy\u017e je velice zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee jednomu dozorci p\u0159i\u0161la pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 pohlednice z\u00a0Braz\u00edlie, tak se m\u016f\u017eeme pouze domn\u00edvat, zdali utonuli nebo ne. Po\u0159ad Bo\u0159i\u010di m\u00fdt\u016f (MythBusters) tento \u00fat\u011bk zrekonstruoval v\u00a0jednom ze sv\u00fdm po\u0159ad\u016f.\u00a0Ponurou atmosf\u00e9ru t\u00e9to v\u011bznice st\u00e1le c\u00edt\u00edme, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci maj\u00ed rozporupln\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tam podivn\u00e9 \u00fakazy, ka\u017ed\u00fd se tam st\u0159etl s\u00a0n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, \u010demu nerozum\u011bl.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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